The newspaper quiz pages
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The **Quiz** was used to test participants' attention, to check if they understood the information provided on the previous pages, and to distract them from the main purpose of the questionnaire by making this check an in-experience situation. The quiz was presented as a news quiz about Novaland, which participants had to answer correctly in order to continue with the questionnaire. The quiz was displayed in the second round of the main app, after the first smokescreen and before the first vignette.

This page is implemented in the :code:`Quiz` page class. The quiz consists of two questions, which are defined as :code:`form_fields` in the page class. The questions are: First, :code:`quiz_event`, asking which public event is scheduled in the next days in Novaland.The correct answer was the national election. And second, :code:`quiz_income`, asking about the average income in Novaland. The correct answer being 3000 Nova Dollars.

Those participants who received the information about the social norm of bribing in Novaland on the previous pages were also asked a third question, :code:`quiz_corr`, asking how many citizens of Novaland were willing to pay a bribe for a service. The correct answer was 6 out of 10 citizens. This is done by using two pieces of code. In the :code:`get_form_fields` method, we check whether the participant received the information about the social norm of bribing in Novaland. If they did, we add the third question to the list of form fields that are displayed on the page. This is done by checking the :code:`corruption_info` variable in the :code:`Participant` object, which is set to 1 if participants received the information and 0 if they did not.
In the page's HTML template, we then check whether the :code:`corruption_info` variable is set to 1. If it is, we display the third question. This is done using the conditional statement :code:`{{ if corruption_info == 1 }} {{ formfield player.quiz_corr }}`.

This is what the layout of the quiz page looks like:

.. image:: /_static/QuizScreenshot.jpeg
   :width: 75%
   :align: center
   :alt: Vignette Screenshot with repeated ending


Note that the second question is displayed only if the participant received the information about the social norm of bribing in Novaland. If they did not, only the first and the third question are displayed.

After participants submitted their answers, some calculations were automatically conducted by oTree to analyse the quiz results. Within the page class, the :code:`before_next_page` function is used to calculate the number of correct answers and whether the participant answered all questions correctly. This is done by comparing the participants' answers with the correct answers defined in the :code:`quiz_correspondence` dictionary, which contains the correct answers for each question.

.. code-block:: python
    :linenos:

    def before_next_page(player, timeout_happened):
        fields = Quiz.get_form_fields(player) # get questions
        correct_answers = {k: quiz_correspondence[k] for k in fields} # compare answers with correct answers defined in the quiz_correspondence dictionary
        answers = {k: getattr(player, k) for k in fields} # get participants' answers
        are_answers_correct = [answers[k] == correct_answers[k] for k in fields] # check if answers are correct
        player.quiz_correct_answers = sum(are_answers_correct) # calculate number of correct answers
        player.quiz_num_questions = len(fields) # calculate number of questions
        player.quiz_fully_correct = all(are_answers_correct) # check if all answers are correct

After the quiz page, participants saw the **QuizResults** page. On this page, they were informed about the correct answers to the quiz questions. Again, we used the :code:`corruption_info` variable to determine whether the third question was displayed. If it was, the correct answer to this question was also displayed on the page. After the participants submitted the page, they were redirected to the first vignette page.